An integrated approach to Ecumenism
An integrated approach to ecumenism: a reflection by Dr Ian Watson, County Ecumenical Officer
An Integrated Approach to Ecumenism: Merging Receptive and Transformative Ecumenism. A personal reflection by Dr Ian Watson, County Ecumenical Officer for Norfolk and Waveney.
As most of you know, ecumenism (broadly speaking the movement aimed at promoting Christian unity) has undergone significant evolution over the years. Among the various approaches that have emerged, receptive ecumenism and transformative ecumenism stand out as two vital paradigms. Basically, receptive ecumenism emphasises learning from one another’s traditions and practices, while transformative ecumenism focuses on the need for change and action within communities.
In this reflection, I want to propose an integrated approach that combines elements of both receptive and transformative ecumenism to foster genuine dialogue, cooperation, and unity among Christian denominations. In order to do so I will say something about both forms of ecumenism.
Understanding Receptive Ecumenism
Receptive ecumenism is grounded in the belief that Christian communities can learn from each other’s theological insights and practices. This approach emerged in the latter half of the 20th century, particularly in response to the challenges of a particular form of denominationalism. In the negative form of denominationalism, churches tend to cling to their particular creed, practice, and traditions and reject other groups as wrong or in some way unworthy of true association. In meeting this challenge, especially through Churches Together in England (CTE) and Churches Together in Britain and Ireland (CTBI), receptive ecumenism has been adopted as a way forward. This approach does not seek to ignore or erase differences; rather, it emphasises understanding and appreciating the diversity within each Christian tradition.
At its core, receptive ecumenism invites communities to share their experiences, beliefs, and practices with one another. This process of mutual learning is rooted in humility and openness, allowing individuals and communities to recognise the gifts present in other traditions. By engaging in dialogue, churches can discover how their own practices might be enriched by the insights and traditions of others. This approach fosters a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect, laying the groundwork for deeper relationships among Christians.
Understanding Transformative Ecumenism
In contrast, transformative ecumenism emphasises the need for change and action within the Christian community. This approach acknowledges that unity among Christians is not merely a matter of dialogue but also requires a commitment to transformation. Transformative ecumenism challenges churches to examine their own structures, practices, and beliefs critically, seeking ways to align more closely with the teachings of Christ. In many respects, the ongoing process in the Roman Catholic Church under Pope Francis as part the synod for synodality represents this view.
Transformative ecumenism posits that true unity necessitates a willingness to change and adapt. It encourages communities to act and confront injustices, both within their own traditions and in the broader society. This approach often involves a commitment to social action, working towards a more just and equitable world in the spirit of Christ’s teachings. By engaging in transformative ecumenism, churches can work collaboratively to address issues such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, demonstrating their shared commitment to the Gospel.
The Need for an Integrated Approach
I’m a big fan of receptive ecumenism. Clearly, it is a less threatening form of Christian unity that seeks to protect those things in ‘my’ tradition (which happens to be Catholic) that is precious to ‘me’. The downside is that, at least for me and I have to say in my experience as County Ecumenical Officer, it can feel too passive and comfortable; what seems to be lacking is transformative ecumenism. However, while receptive and transformative ecumenism offer distinct perspectives, I believe that an integrated approach can create a more holistic framework for pursuing unity among Christian denominations.
The integrated approach recognises that learning from one another (receptive ecumenism) can lead to the transformation of communities (transformative ecumenism), and vice versa. By merging these two paradigms, Christians from different churches can cultivate deeper relationships grounded in mutual respect and a shared commitment to the Gospel. I will briefly outline why I think this is the case.
Mutual Learning as a Catalyst for Change
The integrated approach begins with the foundational principle of receptive ecumenism: basically, mutual learning and respect. When churches engage in open dialogue, they can uncover insights that challenge their existing beliefs and practices. For example, a church that learns about the sacramental practices of another tradition may recognise the richness of those practices and feel inspired to incorporate elements that enhance its own worship. This process of learning can serve as a catalyst for transformative change, prompting communities to reevaluate and adapt their practices in light of new understandings. I am pleased to report that the ongoing work of many inter-denominational working groups and commissions over recent years demonstrates this in action. And, more locally, I have seen this in practice through our local churches together groups in their joint efforts across Norfolk and Waveney.
Embracing Diversity while Pursuing Common Goals
An integrated approach acknowledges the importance of diversity in the Christian tradition while emphasising the need for common goals. Receptive ecumenism teaches us that each tradition carries unique gifts and insights that can contribute to the broader Christian community. When churches embrace this diversity, they can then engage in transformative ecumenism by identifying shared values and objectives, such as social justice, peace-building, and environmental stewardship. By working together toward common goals, churches can demonstrate their unity in action, fostering a sense of belonging among diverse communities.
In my experience this also happens but, I would argue, to a much lesser extent. It is this terrain, acting and speaking as one, that, at least to me, proves to be more allusive when it comes to developing and taking forward Christian unity beyond receptive ecumenism. Saying that, I have come across and recognise some superb examples of multi-denominational social action, my point is not that it does not happen but that there is scope for so much more Christian collaboration in serving the most vulnerable.
Promoting a Culture of Dialogue and Action
The integrated approach encourages a culture of dialogue and action. Receptive ecumenism lays the groundwork for meaningful conversations, while transformative ecumenism calls for action based on those conversations. Churches can create platforms for dialogue that not only facilitate understanding but also lead to collaborative initiatives. For instance, interdenominational service projects that address local needs can emerge from the relationships built through receptive ecumenism. This practical engagement not only strengthens bonds between communities but also embodies the transformative mission of the Church in the world.
Encouraging Humility and Openness to Change
In the integrated approach, humility and openness become essential virtues. Receptive ecumenism fosters an environment where communities are willing to listen and learn from one another. This openness must extend to the transformative aspect, where churches are encouraged to critically examine their own practices and beliefs. By cultivating a culture of humility and openness, churches can approach transformation not as a threat but as an opportunity for growth and renewal. This mindset allows communities to embrace change while remaining grounded in their core convictions. The integration of receptive and transformative ecumenism offers a powerful framework for fostering unity among Christian denominations.
In my experience, out and about across Norfolk and Waveney, I rarely come across those who disagree with receptive ecumenism. When it comes to transformative ecumenism, however, we get on to more difficult terrain where the challenges associated with our own church commitments (time, resources, availability, capacity, priorities, beliefs, Church processes and so forth) are uppermost in mind. Consequently, these become an obstacle to Christian collaboration. My view is that we need to find a way to move beyond this position. Easier said than done I hear you cry, and in a sense, you would be correct; however, it can work. I’ve seen it and in many places across our wonderful county you’ve even done it! Where it has worked, whether people are actively conscious of it or not, I see the integrated approach to ecumenism working in practice.
The very best examples, I would argue, have born fruit when the participating churches have embraced mutual learning, acknowledged their diversity, actively promoted dialogue and action, and encouraged humility and respect for one another. As a result, these churches work collaboratively towards a more unified Christian witness and mission in action.
And why do they do it? They do it, because they want to respond together as Christians in a world increasingly marked by division and conflict. The integrated approach not only enhances relationships among Christians but also empowers them to address the pressing challenges of our time with a united voice. Ultimately, the call to ecumenism is a call to embody the love of Christ, and an integrated approach provides a pathway to fulfilling that mission in our diverse and complex world.
Picture: AI generated by Dr Ian Watson.